Post-extractivist imaginaries.

Imaginarios post-extractivistas.

19th International Architecture Exhibition of La Biennale di Venezia

maan + aga estudio

Arco Minero del Orinoco (AMO) created by Venezuelan Government Decree No. 2,248 in 2016

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Arco Minero del Orinoco (AMO) created by Venezuelan Government Decree No. 2,248 in 2016 -

Protected areas and forest reserves: Includes 6 Areas under Special Management Regime (ABRAE)

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Protected areas and forest reserves: Includes 6 Areas under Special Management Regime (ABRAE) -

Extension: 111,843.70 km² (12.4% of national territory). Larger than half the countries in the Latin America and Caribbean region

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Extension: 111,843.70 km² (12.4% of national territory). Larger than half the countries in the Latin America and Caribbean region -

Mining scope: Government plans 2.13% territory mining intervention (2,382 km²)

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Mining scope: Government plans 2.13% territory mining intervention (2,382 km²) -

Mining sites: 3,718 identified in Amazonas and Bolivar states inside and outside the limits of AMO

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Mining sites: 3,718 identified in Amazonas and Bolivar states inside and outside the limits of AMO -

Las Brisas-Las Cristinas: Largest gold mine in Venezuela, fourth globally

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Las Brisas-Las Cristinas: Largest gold mine in Venezuela, fourth globally -

Gold reserves: 4,300 certified tons. Largest in Western Hemisphere, second globally after Australia

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Gold reserves: 4,300 certified tons. Largest in Western Hemisphere, second globally after Australia -

Diamond reserves: 1,020 million carats

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Diamond reserves: 1,020 million carats -

Copper reserves: 2.5 million tons

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Copper reserves: 2.5 million tons -

Rare earth minerals: Coltan, iron, bauxite reserves pending certification

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Rare earth minerals: Coltan, iron, bauxite reserves pending certification -

Protected area impact: 22,000 ha deforestation within the Caura, Canaima and Yapacana national parks

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Protected area impact: 22,000 ha deforestation within the Caura, Canaima and Yapacana national parks -

140,000 ha lost between 2016-2020 of primary forest in the Venezuelan Amazon

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140,000 ha lost between 2016-2020 of primary forest in the Venezuelan Amazon -

Deforestation in the Venezuelan Amazon is increasing rapidly due to mining, fires and agriculture

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Deforestation in the Venezuelan Amazon is increasing rapidly due to mining, fires and agriculture -

Violence: 417 murders (2016-2023)

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Violence: 417 murders (2016-2023) -

Indigenous displacement: Pemones, Yanomami and Ye'kuanas communities forced to abandon lands or work in mines due to armed groups and economic pressures.

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Indigenous displacement: Pemones, Yanomami and Ye'kuanas communities forced to abandon lands or work in mines due to armed groups and economic pressures. -

Reports of human rights violations (kidnappings, trafficking, forced labor) exist but lack official verification

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Reports of human rights violations (kidnappings, trafficking, forced labor) exist but lack official verification -

Indigenous presence: 198 communities from 16 ethnic groups (2016): Piaroa, Mapoyo, Pemón, Eñepá, Jivi, Curripaco, Baniva, Pumé, Piapoco, Baré, Kariña, Yekuana, Sanemá, Warao, Akawayo and Arawaco

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Indigenous presence: 198 communities from 16 ethnic groups (2016): Piaroa, Mapoyo, Pemón, Eñepá, Jivi, Curripaco, Baniva, Pumé, Piapoco, Baré, Kariña, Yekuana, Sanemá, Warao, Akawayo and Arawaco -

In 2018, the AMO population reached 1.66 million inhabitants (4.69% of the national population)

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In 2018, the AMO population reached 1.66 million inhabitants (4.69% of the national population) -

63% of indigenous territories are affected by mining activities

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63% of indigenous territories are affected by mining activities -

Venezuela is the 6th most biodiverse country in Latin America, with Bolivar and Amazonas being the most biodiverse states

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Venezuela is the 6th most biodiverse country in Latin America, with Bolivar and Amazonas being the most biodiverse states -

The Orinoco River is one of the three largest deltas in the Americas, contributing 16% of global freshwater flow to the world's seas

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The Orinoco River is one of the three largest deltas in the Americas, contributing 16% of global freshwater flow to the world's seas -

Venezuela contributes 48% of the total number of malaria cases in the Americas.(2016)

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Venezuela contributes 48% of the total number of malaria cases in the Americas.(2016) -

Presence of mercury in the Orinoco ethnic groups is more than 35%, considerably higher than the parameters established by the WHO

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Presence of mercury in the Orinoco ethnic groups is more than 35%, considerably higher than the parameters established by the WHO -

Other sources of contamination result from the use of cyanide and fuels in mining

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Other sources of contamination result from the use of cyanide and fuels in mining -

Gold contribution to GDP increased from 0.5% to 4% ($4.5 billion) following AMO's creation

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Gold contribution to GDP increased from 0.5% to 4% ($4.5 billion) following AMO's creation -

Between 70 and 90 percent of gold production leaves the country illegally

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Between 70 and 90 percent of gold production leaves the country illegally -

Gold production increased from 23 tons per year in 2016 to over 60 tons currently

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Gold production increased from 23 tons per year in 2016 to over 60 tons currently -

La crisis sistémica del modelo de desarrollo occidental moderno ha evidenciado impactos sociales y ambientales, ecológicos, que afectan una esfera amplia a escala planetaria y más-que-humana. Esta investigación conecta desde la Amazonia y la Orinoquia con horizontes resistentes, reparadores y restauradores, que no surgen gracias a los planes humanos, sino a pesar de ellos, produciendo ecotopías. 

The systemic crisis of the modern western development model has evidenced social, environmental and ecological impacts that affect a wide sphere on a planetary and more-than-human scale. This research connects from the Amazon and the Orinoco with resilient, restorative and restorative horizons, which do not emerge thanks to human plans, but in spite of them, producing ecotopias.

Ensayos y conversaciones

Essay and dialogues

Participantes

Participants